See cebula in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cebúlja",
"word": "цебу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cebula"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cebúlja",
"word": "цебу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cybula"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
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"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
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"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cebúlja",
"word": "цебу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
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"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
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"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"word": "czybula"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "cebula"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "cybula"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"cēpa",
"cepa#Latin:_onion"
],
[
"*-lós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós#Proto-Indo-European:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-elos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos#Proto-Italic:_diminutive"
],
[
"-ulus",
"-ulus#Latin:_diminutive"
],
[
"cēpulla",
"cepulla#Latin"
],
[
"zibolle",
"zibolle#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"zebülle",
"zebülle#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"zwibole",
"zwibole#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"zibolle",
"zibolle"
],
[
"zebülle",
"zebülle"
],
[
"zwibole",
"zwibole"
],
[
"zibolle",
"zibolle#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"zebülle",
"zebülle#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"zwibole",
"zwibole#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"cēpulla",
"cepulla#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "gmh:zibolle, zebülle, zwibole<ety:uder<la-lat:cēpulla>>",
"etydate": "1419",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin cēpa\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLate Latin cēpulla\nMiddle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibolebor.\nOld Polish cebula\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"onion\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cēpa\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ulus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cēpulla\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"zibolle, zebülle, zwibole\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"cebula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"cebula\">\nBorrowed from Middle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibole, from Late Latin cēpulla. First attested in 1419.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "['gmh:', <LINK(['zibolle']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['zebülle']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['zwibole']){} >, '<ety:uder<la-lat:cēpulla>>']",
"etydate": "1419",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin cēpa\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLate Latin cēpulla\nMiddle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibolebor.\nOld Polish cebula\nBorrowed from Middle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibole, from Late Latin cēpulla. First attested in 1419.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin cēpa\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLate Latin cēpulla\nMiddle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibolebor.\nOld Polish cebula\nBorrowed from Middle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibole, from Late Latin cēpulla. First attested in 1419.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cybula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cebula f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "biała cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cebula morska"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cebula zamorska"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "czyrwona cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "gorzka cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psia cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "wilcza cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "włoska cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "świerzepia cebula"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
38
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1435], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume III, number 1374, Zakroczym:",
"text": "Iakom ya ne porwala Ondrzeyowi czibuli z gego ogroda",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
72
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 4:",
"text": "Dzeszanczina s pełna ma dana bicz wyiąwszi rzepą, mak, kapustą, cybulyą",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1478], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1927:",
"text": "Czibula cepe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1484], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 5966:",
"text": "Cybula cepe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1484], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 5967:",
"text": "Czibula cepe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1464], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 4772:",
"text": "Czebula cepe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [c. 1465], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 3915:",
"text": "Czebula ffanula",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
86
]
],
"ref": "1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej, Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 407:",
"text": "In molliter autem asperatis scribatur simplex c sine omni asperacione, ut: cap, cebula, cisz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 539:",
"text": "Czebula cepa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [c. 1500], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 7105:",
"text": "Czebula cepe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
38
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 26r:",
"text": "Cepe ein zwyfel, cepa idem est czebula",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"onion (Allium cepa)"
],
"id": "en-cebula-zlw-opl-noun-X~JUiDfk",
"links": [
[
"onion",
"onion"
],
[
"Allium cepa",
"Allium cepa#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Masovia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) onion (Allium cepa)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛbulʲa/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛbulʲa/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cebula"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "biała cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cebula morska"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cebula zamorska"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "czyrwona cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "gorzka cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "psia cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "wilcza cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "włoska cebula"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "świerzepia cebula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cebúlja",
"word": "цебу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cebula"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cebúlja",
"word": "цебу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "cybula"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cebúlja",
"word": "цебу́лꙗ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цыбу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cybúlja",
"word": "цибу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "cebúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цебу́ля"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "цибу́ля"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "cibúlja",
"word": "цибу́лꙗ"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"word": "czybula"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "cebula"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "cybula"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"cēpa",
"cepa#Latin:_onion"
],
[
"*-lós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós#Proto-Indo-European:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-elos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos#Proto-Italic:_diminutive"
],
[
"-ulus",
"-ulus#Latin:_diminutive"
],
[
"cēpulla",
"cepulla#Latin"
],
[
"zibolle",
"zibolle#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"zebülle",
"zebülle#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"zwibole",
"zwibole#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"zibolle",
"zibolle"
],
[
"zebülle",
"zebülle"
],
[
"zwibole",
"zwibole"
],
[
"zibolle",
"zibolle#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"zebülle",
"zebülle#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"zwibole",
"zwibole#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"cēpulla",
"cepulla#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "gmh:zibolle, zebülle, zwibole<ety:uder<la-lat:cēpulla>>",
"etydate": "1419",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin cēpa\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLate Latin cēpulla\nMiddle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibolebor.\nOld Polish cebula\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"onion\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"cēpa\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ulus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"cēpulla\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"uder\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle High German\", \"term\" : \"zibolle, zebülle, zwibole\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmh\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"cebula\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"cebula\">\nBorrowed from Middle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibole, from Late Latin cēpulla. First attested in 1419.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "['gmh:', <LINK(['zibolle']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['zebülle']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['zwibole']){} >, '<ety:uder<la-lat:cēpulla>>']",
"etydate": "1419",
"text": "2",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin cēpa\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLate Latin cēpulla\nMiddle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibolebor.\nOld Polish cebula\nBorrowed from Middle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibole, from Late Latin cēpulla. First attested in 1419.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin cēpa\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -ulus\nLate Latin cēpulla\nMiddle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibolebor.\nOld Polish cebula\nBorrowed from Middle High German zibolle, zebülle, zwibole, from Late Latin cēpulla. First attested in 1419.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cybula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "cebula f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Masovia Old Polish",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with etymon",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms borrowed from Middle High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Late Latin",
"Old Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Old Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"zlw-opl:Alliums",
"zlw-opl:Root vegetables"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
38
]
],
"ref": "1920 [1435], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume III, number 1374, Zakroczym:",
"text": "Iakom ya ne porwala Ondrzeyowi czibuli z gego ogroda",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
72
]
],
"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 4:",
"text": "Dzeszanczina s pełna ma dana bicz wyiąwszi rzepą, mak, kapustą, cybulyą",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1478], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 1927:",
"text": "Czibula cepe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1484], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 5966:",
"text": "Cybula cepe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1484], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 5967:",
"text": "Czibula cepe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1464], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 4772:",
"text": "Czebula cepe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [c. 1465], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 3915:",
"text": "Czebula ffanula",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
86
]
],
"ref": "1907 [c. 1470], Jakub Parkoszowic, edited by Jan Łoś, Traktat o ortografii polskiej, Żurawica, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Krakow, page 407:",
"text": "In molliter autem asperatis scribatur simplex c sine omni asperacione, ut: cap, cebula, cisz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1472], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 539:",
"text": "Czebula cepa",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"ref": "1900 [c. 1500], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 7105:",
"text": "Czebula cepe",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
38
]
],
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 26r:",
"text": "Cepe ein zwyfel, cepa idem est czebula",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"onion (Allium cepa)"
],
"links": [
[
"onion",
"onion"
],
[
"Allium cepa",
"Allium cepa#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Masovia; Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia, Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) onion (Allium cepa)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛbulʲa/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʲɛbulʲa/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "cebula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cebula meaning in Old Polish (14.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.